Red Blue Brown Wires Vs White Black Wires Motion Detector
Dan has been a licensed journey-level electrician for 17 years. He has extensive experience in most areas of the electrical trade.
Installing a motion sensor light switch
Burak K
What Is a Motion Sensor Light Switch?
Motion sensor switches have been around for quite some time, but (although they are often required in commercial construction) they have never really become popular in homes. In the simplest terms, such a switch will automatically turn on the lights whenever it detects motion. Motion sensor switches can be useful in some applications.
This article will walk you through the steps necessary to install a motion sensor switch, with the photos being taken of a laundry room getting an updated switch. Walking into a dark room with a double armful of laundry isn't much fun; the room was tailor-made for the application.
Picking a Motion Sensing Switch
The most important consideration is the necessity of a neutral wire. Some motion-sensing switches require that there be a neutral (white) wire attached to them, some do not—for those that do there is no substitute.
Before shopping for a switch, then, it is wise to remove the current switch and see if there is a neutral wire available in the electrical box. Following the instructions in the next section, remove the switch from the box. Do not disconnect it—just pull it out from the box far enough to see what is behind it. You are looking for a white wire that does not connect to the current switch.
Older wiring methods allowed a white wire to be used as part of the switched circuit, and that wire will be attached to the switch. In that case, it is not a neutral and cannot be used as one. Neutral wires will be one or more white wires that pass through the box without terminating on any switch.
If there is a neutral wire in the box, then any motion switch can be used. If not, you must make sure that the switch you purchase does not require a neutral. Most motion switches, but not all, have wires already attached that will be spliced to those in the box with wire nuts; if there is a white wire on the switch a neutral will be required.
You will also need to know if the old switch is a simple single pole (two wires plus ground) or a three-way switch (three wires plus ground) as the motion sensor switch will need to be purchased in the same configuration. If the old switch is a four-way (four wires plus ground) it is not replaceable with a motion detector switch.
Other than these two considerations motion switches are a matter of appearance and features. Some have a dimmer built in (make sure your lamp is dimmable) and most will have a variable delay setting which can be very useful.
Removing the Old Switch
With the new motion sensor switch in hand, it is time to remove the old light switch. Turn the power off as the first step. With the light turned on, turn breakers off or remove fuses until the light goes out. If there is any chance at all that someone may turn the breaker back on (more than the room you are working in will likely go dark) tape the breaker off with a piece of tape as an indication that there is a reason it is off.
Remove the two screws holding the cover plate on, followed by two more screws that hold the switch in place. Carefully pull the switch out, holding it at the top and bottom where the screws were, just in case the power is still on (maybe the bulb burned out at just the wrong time—don't take chances with being shocked).
With the switch pulled from the wall but the wires still attached, test with a non-contact voltage detector or voltmeter to verify that there is no power before proceeding any further. Depending on what type of sensor switch you have, you may have to identify which wire is which. The possibility of a neutral wire has been mentioned; if the sensor switch needs a neutral you should have already identified it.
Two-Way Sensor Switch
A two-way sensor switch will have either two black or one black and one red wire, plus in all cases a green ground wire. The red wire must go to the switch leg (the wire actually powering the light fixture) for the switch to operate properly. It won't destroy the switch if wired backward, but it won't work right, either.
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If the sensor has two black wires, it doesn't matter which switch wire goes where. The switch leg wire can be identified by turning the power back on while the old switch is still connected to it, but turned off, and touching each wire with the voltage detector. The switch leg will have no power; it will have power only when the switch is turned on.
Make note of which one it is, turn the breaker back off, and continue removing the switch. A piece of tape wrapped around the switch leg will prevent confusion or forgetting which one it is.
Three-Way Sensor Switches
The only that needs to be identified here is the "common" wire. In most switches, it is the wire by itself (except for the ground wire) on one end. It usually attaches to a darker colored screw (but not green) than the other wires.
The back of the switch may be labeled as well. Again, mark the "common" wire with tape or other method and continue to remove the switch. Like the two-way switch, if it is wired wrong it won't harm the switch and it won't burn the house down; it just won't work properly.
Remove the wires from the old switch. If they are wrapped around a screw, loosen the screw and remove the wire. If simply pushed into a hold in the back of the old switch there is a small slot or hole next to the wire; push a small screwdriver or other instrument into that hole; it will release the spring holding the wire.
Set the old switch and cover plate aside. Most sensor switches come with a cover plate in a color to match it, so the old plate can be disposed of.
Removing the Old Switch
Faceplate removed, exposing the two screws, one on top and bottom, that hold the switch to the box behind it.
Wilderness
The switch has been pulled from the wall with the power turned off, exposing the wires and screws holding them. The green ground wire goes to a green ground screw.
Wilderness
Testing for the switch leg; with the light turned off the top wire is still hot; the other one is the switch leg.
Wilderness
Installing the Motion Sensor Switch
Attach the ground wire, green or bare of insulation, in the box to the green screw or green wire on the new switch. If wire nuts are being used to splice wires together, as in the switch pictured, screw the nut on and, holding the nut, tug firmly on each wire separately. Better that they come apart now than as you stuff the wires into the box where you can't see it happen.
Attached the marked wire to the red wire on a two-way sensor switch (or the terminal marked "load" if there are no wires on the switch) or to the "common" terminal on a three-way switch. The remaining wire in the box for a two-way switch goes to the black wire or the terminal marked "line." The other two wires left for a three-way switch go the remaining terminals or wires; it doesn't matter which one. One wire per terminal.
Fold and stuff the wires back into the box and push the switch into place. Install the two screws holding it to the box and attach the cover plate with the last two screws.
Congratulations! You've just installed your own motion sensor switch, beginning the process of home automation. What's next? A new motion sensor light fixture for the porch outside? A new light fixture or replacing a worn outlet? All of these are easily within the skills of a homeowner with just a little instruction.
Installing the Motion Sensor Switch
The switch is wired and screwed to the box.
Wilderness
Cover plate installed - the job is complete
Wilderness
This article is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge. Content is for informational or entertainment purposes only and does not substitute for personal counsel or professional advice in business, financial, legal, or technical matters.
Questions & Answers
Question: My light switch sensor cannot be reset and my light stays on and will not go off. What should I do?
Answer: The most likely culprit is the sensor; I would begin by replacing that item.
© 2012 Dan Harmon
Dan Harmon (author) from Boise, Idaho on April 24, 2020:
@Kathy: That may not be a good idea, because the sensor cannot see inside a stall. I have installed sophisticated sensor systems into commercial bathrooms, only to have to remove them because patrons stayed in the stall too long and the lights went out. When a church sermon is interrupted by frantic shrieking from the bathroom it doesn't go over well. Same thing for a residential bathroom; the sensor probably can't see through a shower enclosure and the may go dark while showering.
Sensors work by detecting motion, turning the lights on and turning them off when it no longer detects motion for a set period of time. The timer resets every time motion is detected, so when the second person enters it re-starts the timer. When the first person exits, and the timer "sees" them, it again re-starts the timer.
But if the second person remains too long in the stall it WILL turn off, leaving them in the dark until they can get out of the stall and be detected again.
Kathy on April 24, 2020:
I am looking to replace a light switch with a senor switch. There are multiple stalls in the bathroom. One there are more than one person in the bathroom at a time, when person 1 leaves and person 2 is in a stall will the light stay on for person 2. I am so confused.
Thank you!
Dan Harmon (author) from Boise, Idaho on August 19, 2012:
Thank you. Everyone gets it right at some point, though.
Bev G from Wales, UK on August 19, 2012:
You are clever, Wilderness!
Source: https://dengarden.com/appliances/How-To-Install-A-Motion-Sensor-Light-Switch
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